Describe the Punic Wars What Did the Romans Do to Carthage So They Could Never Rise Up Again
The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. and ending in Roman victory with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. By the fourth dimension the First Punic State of war broke out, Rome had become the dominant power throughout the Italian peninsula, while Carthage–a powerful city-state in northern Africa–had established itself as the leading maritime power in the world. The Beginning Punic State of war began in 264 B.C. when Rome interfered in a dispute on the Carthaginian-controlled island of Sicily; the state of war ended with Rome in command of both Sicily and Corsica and marked the empire's emergence as a naval besides as a land power. In the 2d Punic War, the great Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy and scored cracking victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae before his eventual defeat at the hands of Rome's Scipio Africanus in 202 B.C., which left Rome in control of the western Mediterranean and much of Kingdom of spain. In the Third Punic War, the Romans, led by Scipio the Younger, captured and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 B.C., turning Africa into notwithstanding some other province of the mighty Roman Empire.
Background and First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)
Tradition holds that Phoenician settlers from the Mediterranean port of Tyre (in what is now Lebanon) founded the city-country of Carthage on the northern coast of Africa, just northward of modern-day Tunis, around 814 B.C. (The give-and-take "Punic," subsequently the proper name for the serial of wars betwixt Carthage and Rome, was derived from the Latin word for Phoenician.) By 265 B.C., Carthage was the wealthiest and well-nigh advanced city in the region, every bit well every bit its leading naval power. Though Carthage had clashed violently with several other powers in the region, notably Greece, its relations with Rome were historically friendly, and the cities had signed several treaties defining trading rights over the years.
In 264 B.C., Rome decided to intervene in a dispute on the western coast of the island of Sicily (then a Carthaginian province) involving an set on past soldiers from the metropolis of Syracuse confronting the city of Messina. While Carthage supported Syracuse, Rome supported Messina, and the struggle soon exploded into a directly disharmonize between the two powers, with control of Sicily at stake. Over the course of nearly xx years, Rome rebuilt its unabridged fleet in guild to confront Carthage's powerful navy, scoring its first ocean victory at Mylae in 260 B.C. and a major victory in the Boxing of Ecnomus in 256 B.C. Though its invasion of North Africa that same year ended in defeat, Rome refused to give upwards, and in 241 B.C. the Roman fleet was able to win a decisive victory against the Carthaginians at sea, breaking their legendary naval superiority. At the cease of the First Punic War, Sicily became Rome'south offset overseas province.
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2nd Punic War (218-201 B.C.)
Over the side by side decades, Rome took over control of both Corsica and Sardinia as well, only Carthage was able to constitute a new base of influence in Espana beginning in 237 B.C., under the leadership of the powerful full general Hamilcar Barca and, later, his son-in-law Hasdrubal. According to Polybius and Livy in their histories of Rome, Hamilcar Barca, who died in 229 B.C., fabricated his younger son Hannibal swear a blood oath against Rome when he was just a young boy. Upon Hasdrubal'south death in 221 B.C., Hannibal took command of Carthaginian forces in Kingdom of spain. Two years after, he marched his regular army beyond the Ebro River into Saguntum, an Iberian metropolis under Roman protection, effectively declaring war on Rome. The Second Punic War saw Hannibal and his troops–including equally many every bit 90,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry and a number of elephants–march from Espana beyond the Alps and into Italy, where they scored a string of victories over Roman troops at Ticinus, Trebia and Trasimene. Hannibal's daring invasion of Rome reached its tiptop at the Battle of Cannae in 216 B.C., where he used his superior cavalry to surround a Roman army twice the size of his own and inflict massive casualties.
Later on this disastrous defeat, withal, the Romans managed to rebound, and the Carthaginians lost hold in Italy as Rome won victories in Spain and N Africa under the rise immature general Publius Cornelius Scipio (later known as Scipio Africanus). In 203 B.C., Hannibal's forces were forced to abandon the struggle in Italy in order to defend North Africa, and the following year Scipio'due south army routed the Carthaginians at Zama. Hannibal's losses in the Second Punic War effectively put an end to Carthage's empire in the western Mediterranean, leaving Rome in command of Kingdom of spain and allowing Carthage to retain merely its territory in Northward Africa. Carthage was too forced to surrender its armada and pay a large indemnity to Rome in silver.
Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.)
The Third Punic War, by far the near controversial of the iii conflicts between Rome and Carthage, was the result of efforts by Cato the Elder and other hawkish members of the Roman Senate to convince their colleagues that Carthage (even in its weakened land) was a continuing threat to Rome's supremacy in the region. In 149 B.C., after Carthage technically broke its treaty with Rome by declaring war against the neighboring land of Numidia, the Romans sent an army to Due north Africa, starting time the Tertiary Punic War.
Carthage withstood the Roman siege for two years before a change of Roman command put the young full general Scipio Aemilianus (later known as Scipio the Younger) in charge of the North Africa campaign in 147 B.C. After tightening the Roman positions around Carthage, Aemilianus launched a forceful assail on its harbor side in the leap of 146 B.C., pushing into the metropolis and destroying house after house while pushing enemy troops towards their citadel. After seven days of horrific mortality, the Carthaginians surrendered, obliterating an ancient city that had survived for some 700 years. The surviving 50,000 citizens of Carthage were sold into slavery. Also in 146 B.C., Roman troops moved e to defeat King Philip 5 of Macedonia in the Macedonian Wars, and past year'due south stop Rome reigned supreme over an empire stretching from the Atlantic coast of Spain to the border between Greece and Asia Minor (now Turkey).
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Source: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/punic-wars
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